Breakups are difficult. Getting over the fact that things won't ever be the same between you and your partner is a painful process, and it may take years for someone to be at peace again. A new study has revealed that post-breakup, men are at an increased risk of mental illness, including anxiety, depression and suicide.
The study was published in 'Social Science and Medicine - Qualitative Research in Health'.
"Most men experienced the onset or worsening of mental illness symptoms during a distressed relationship or following the breakdown of a relationship," said the study's lead author Dr John Oliffe, a Canada Research Chair and UBC professor of nursing whose work focuses on men's mental health.
He noted that marital separation quadrupled the risk of male suicide and suggested that distressed relationships, as well as separation and divorce, contributed to men's mental health challenges.
Dr Oliffe and the team at UBC's Men's Health Research Program interviewed 47 men about their experiences with the breakdown of an intimate partner relationship. When faced with conflict in their relationships, men tended to downplay issues, causing the relationship to fracture even further.
"Stereotyped masculinity plays a role in how men react to a broken relationship," said Dr Oliffe, who also leads UBC's Reducing Male Suicide research excellence cluster. "For example, men's uncertainty for how to articulate and problem-solve in the relationship context resulted in many men isolating rather than reaching out for help. Most men in the study were battling with transitions in the partnership--like bereavement, parenting or infidelity--and their primary goal was to avoid conflict."
The study also found that men who were in distress following their breakup used substances, including alcohol, to cope with feelings such as anger, regret, sadness, shame and guilt. This is in addition to the immense uncertainty of what life could look like with less access to children, financial challenges and the loss of social connections.
Complicating these findings is the isolation and disruption caused by COVID-19 public health restrictions, which can lead to increased alcohol and substance use at home, and exacerbate conflict, leading to worsening mental health, Oliffe added.
On the positive side, the study revealed that following the breakdown of a relationship, men did engage a variety of resources to address their mental health needs.
"Help-seeking efforts among these men were wide-ranging and included individual or solitary efforts like exercise, reading and self-care while other men tapped existing networks or extended their efforts to connect with support groups, or attended therapy," noted Gabriela Montaner, the project lead and co-author on the article.
In thinking about the implication for services, she explained that while men tend to wait until crisis happens before seeking help, they did invest considerable time and effort to move on from, as well as understand their role in the break-up. "We need to re-conceptualize men's mental health promotion as legitimately including self-help, informal resources and male peer group services in addition to professional services."
Dr Oliffe added: "For the longest time we have treated separation and divorce as demographic data for examining risk factor potential in men's mental illness and suicide. The current study findings provide important contexts and direction for getting upstream to assist men to build better relationships, and that is the focus of our current work with Movember."
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